![ibm spss statistics 20.0 ibm spss statistics 20.0](https://i0.wp.com/www.civilengineerspk.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/04/spss.jpg)
Mano M, Hoshino T, Sasanabe R, Murotani K, Nomura A, Hori R, Konishi N, Baku M, Shiomi T (2019) Impact of gender and age on rapid eye movement-related obstructive sleep apnea: a clinical study of 3234 Japanese OSA patients. West SD, Turnbull C (2018) Obstructive sleep apnoea. Thorpy MJ (2012) Classification of sleep disorders.
#Ibm spss statistics 20.0 manual
2015.Īllan HJ (1969) A manual of standardized terminology, techniques and scoring system for sleep stages of human subjects. AASM scoring manual version 2.2 updates: new chapters for scoring infant sleep staging and home sleep apnea testing. 311, Geneva:WHO 2015.īerry RB, Gamaldo CE, Harding SM, Brooks R, Lloyd RM, Vaughn BV, Marcus CL. World Health Organization: obesity and overweight. Ohno K, Sakurai T (2008) Orexin neuronal circuitry: role in the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Messina G, Monda V, Moscatelli F, Valenzano AA, Monda G, Esposito T et al (2015) Role of orexin system in obesity. Mieda M (2017) The roles of orexins in sleep/wake regulation.
![ibm spss statistics 20.0 ibm spss statistics 20.0](https://imag.malavida.com/mvimgbig/download-fs/ibm-spss-statistics-11640-5.jpg)
![ibm spss statistics 20.0 ibm spss statistics 20.0](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/L0ctWA2ta_U/maxresdefault.jpg)
Kroeger D, Absi G, Gagliardi C, Bandaru SS, Madara JC, Ferrari LL, Arrigoni E, Münzberg H, Scammell TE, Saper CB, Vetrivelan R (2018) Galanin neurons in the ventrolateral preoptic area promote sleep and heat loss in mice. Ma Y, Miracca G, Yu X, Harding EC, Miao A, Yustos R, Vyssotski AL, Franks NP, Wisden W (2019) Galanin neurons unite sleep homeostasis and α2-adrenergic sedation. Marcos P, Coveñas R (2021) Neuropeptidergic control of feeding: focus on the galanin family of peptides. Mechenthaler I (2008) Galanin and the neuroendocrine axes. Ghrelin: a link between aging, metabolism and neurodegenerative disorders. Physiological effect of ghrelin on body systems. Aust Fam Physician 46(7):460–463Īkalu Y, Molla MD, Dessie G, Ayelign B. Hamilton GS, Joosten SA (2017) Obstructive sleep apnoea and obesity. Jehan S, Zizi F, Pandi-Perumal SR, Wall S, Auguste E, Myers AK, Jean-Louis G, McFarlane SI (2017) Obstructive sleep apnea and obesity: implications for public health. The differences in plasma/serum ghrelin levels between obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea patients and controls: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis. Punjabi NM (2008) The epidemiology of adult obstructive sleep apnea. Kapur V, Blough DK, Sandblom RE, Hert R, de Maine JB, Sullivan SD, Psaty BM (1999) The medical cost of undiagnosed sleep apnea. Strollo PJ, Rogers RM (1996) Obstructive sleep apnea. Increased levels of ghrelin, galanin, and orexin-A were associated with the presence of moderate OSAS. The orexigenic neuropeptides were found to be an independent determinant of the presence of OSAS and correlate with the severity of OSAS. In multinomial logistic regression to predict the OSAS severity, levels of serum ghrelin (OR = 1.016 p < 0.001), galanin (OR = 1.050 p < 0.001), and orexin-A (OR = 1.021 p < 0.001) were significantly associated only with a moderate level of OSAS. 485.6 pg/mL, respectively) and found to be higher in patients with severe OSAS than mild and moderate cases ( p < 0.01). Patients with, serum ghrelin, galanin, and orexin-A levels were significantly elevated in patients with OSAS (635.9 pg/mL vs. Of 272 patients, those in the OSAS group (n=210) were older than patients in the non-OSAS group (n=62), p < 0.003, and had increased BMI, p < 0.006. Comparison between the OSAS groups was performed by independent sample t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, and Kruskal–Wallis test with post hoc K-W test using SPSS 20.0.
![ibm spss statistics 20.0 ibm spss statistics 20.0](https://i.ytimg.com/vi/MeOMgdIfC4w/hqdefault.jpg)
Demographic characteristics, polysomnography data, and serum levels of the participants were recorded and analyzed. A blood sample was obtained from all participants on the morning of the sleep test to evaluate the serum levels of ghrelin, galanin, and orexin-A using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. In this cross-sectional study, patients who underwent one-night polysomnography and conformed to the inclusion criteria were asked to participate. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of serum ghrelin, galanin, and orexin-A levels with OSAS. Although the interactions of these neuropeptides affect neuroendocrine systems resulting in obesity, a major risk factor for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS), the mechanism has not been fully elucidated. The orexigenic peptides, ghrelin, galanin, and orexin-A, have an important role in food intake and energy homeostasis and regulate the higher brain functions including the sleep–wake state.